Sutures and Wound Repair/ General Surgery (ABSA) Practice Test

The pancreas secretes which hormones that are involved in carbohydrate metabolism?

1. Insulin and Estrogen

2. Glucagon and Cortisol

3. Glucagon and Insulin

4. Adrenaline and Thyroxine

The correct answer is: Glucagon and Insulin

The pancreas plays a crucial role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism primarily through the secretion of insulin and glucagon. Insulin is a hormone released by the beta cells of the pancreas in response to high blood sugar levels. Its primary function is to facilitate the uptake of glucose into cells, thereby lowering blood glucose concentrations. It also promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscle tissues. On the other hand, glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas when blood sugar levels are low. Its main function is to stimulate the liver to convert stored glycogen back into glucose and release it into the bloodstream, effectively raising blood sugar levels. This balance between insulin and glucagon is vital for maintaining homeostasis in blood sugar levels. The combination of these two hormones orchestrates a complex regulatory mechanism that ensures the body has a stable supply of glucose, which is essential for energy production, particularly for the brain and muscles. Thus, the correct choice highlights the pancreas's vital role in carbohydrate metabolism through the secretion of glucagon and insulin.